Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World

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Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World

Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World

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Although first published in 1984, nearly forty years on his work is still pertinent. For me that stimulates many questions. Having just pulled it from my bookshelf, I think it is time I read it again. I am fascinated by how societies conduct war. Who is expected to fight, and how are they organized? How is technology developed, implemented, and improvised in the heat of battle? And, most importantly, how do its participants make sense of the carnage around them? History is replete with tales of savagery and courage, of honor and depravity. Perilously few of these have been formed into novels, leaving an incomplete and disjointed understanding of thousands of years of struggle. Many authors, including those listed here, paved the path for holistic depictions of historical battle fiction – my hope is to contribute tales from oft-neglected societies, beginning with Belisarius and the 6th-Century Roman Empire. Golden, Peter (2009). "Inner Asia c.1200". The Cambridge History of Inner Asia. The Chinggisid Age: 9–25. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139056045.004. ISBN 978-1-139-05604-5. You, Wenpeng; Galassi, Francesco M.; Varotto, Elena; Henneberg, Maciej (2021). "Genghis Khan's death (AD 1227): An unsolvable riddle or simply a pandemic disease?". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 104: 347–348. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.089. ISSN 1201-9712. PMID 33444749. S2CID 231610775.

Portrayal of Genghis Khan in a 14th-century Yuan-era album, originally painted in 1278 ( National Palace Museum, Taipei) The defenses of Juyong Pass had been strongly reinforced by the time the conflict resumed in 1213, but a Mongol detachment led by Jebe managed to infiltrate the pass and surprise the elite Jin defenders, opening the road to the Jin capital Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing). [111] The Jin administration began to disintegrate: after the Khitans entered open rebellion, Hushahu, the commander of the forces at Xijing, abandoned his post and staged a coup in Zhongdu, killing Yongji and installing his own puppet ruler, Xuanzong. [112] This governmental breakdown was fortunate for Genghis' forces—emboldened by their victories, they had seriously overreached and lost their initiative. Unable to do more than sit before Zhongdu's fortifications while his army suffered from an epidemic and famine. The Mongols are reported to have resorted to cannibalism. Genghis opened peace negotiations despite his commanders' militarism. [113] He secured tribute, including 3,000 horses, 500 slaves, a Jin princess, and massive amounts of gold and silk, before breaking the siege in spring 1214 and setting off homewards in May 1214. [114] In the early 1990s, the memory of Genghis Khan underwent a powerful revival, partly in reaction to its suppression during the Mongolian People's Republic period. Genghis Khan became a symbol of national identity for many younger Mongolians, who maintain that the historical records written by non-Mongolians are unfairly biased against Genghis Khan and that his butchery is exaggerated, while his positive role is underrated. [189]On one of Addis Ababa's main roundabouts today sits a huge recently installed mortar. This is a replica of 'Sevastopol', a 70-ton lump of ordnance commissioned by one of the most extraordinary leaders Africa has ever produced - King of Kings of Ethiopia, the Emperor Theodore. In 1867, as his kingdom collapsed around him, Theodore retreated to his mountain-top stronghold in Magdala. It took his army six months to haul 'Sevastopol' through the gauges… Vivid, hilarious, and compelling, this eagerly awaited book takes its place among the travel classics. It is a thrilling tale of adventure, a comic masterpiece, and an evocative portrait of a medieval land marooned in the modern world. Eight and a half centuries ago, under Genghis Khan, the Mongols burst forth from Central Asia in a series of spectacular conquests that took them from the Danube to the Yellow Sea. Their empire was seen as the final triumph of the nomadic "barbarians." In this remarkable book Stanley Stewart sets off on a pilgrimage across the old empire, from Istanbul to… In this book, Stewart journeys across the old empire to experience the horrific memories from these places and see what they have to offer. He rides horses through this journey to travel from place to place. He doesn’t question his journey, and instead embraces all it has to offer, like sheep parts and fermented milk. Stanley has a way of making each scene he sees seem breath-taking and beautiful through his words. This is a journey worth reading about.

Marco Polo at the court of Kublai Kahn tells of the fantastical cities that he has seen on his journey. What’s great about The Secret History of the Mongols is that it has information that is not in other sources. It has a lot of details about the life of Chinggis Khan as a child. What we get from it is the good, the bad and the ugly. We find out that he was afraid of dogs. If you’ve ever met a Mongolian dog, and you’re a stranger, you know why he might be afraid of them as a nine-year-old kid. We find out that he murdered his stepbrother. The Secret History tells us all about it and why it was done. For someone who’s really interested in military history, the other thing about it is the discussion of the battles, his tactics and so forth. It has a standard narrative of Chinggis Khan’s history, good analysis and good discussions of various aspects of his life, but it also looks at his legacy and the legacy of the Mongol Empire in the Islamic world. When the Mongols come into the Islamic world—particularly Chinggis Khan—they’re seen as the punishment of God. Indeed, one source we have relates how he comes to Bukhara, enters the mosque during Friday prayers, goes up to the pulpit and announces that he is the punishment of God. And if not for the sins of their rulers, God would not have sent a punishment like him. There are many other contemporary histories which include more information on the Mongols, although their neutrality and reliability are often suspect. Additional Chinese sources include the Jin Shi and the Song shi, chronicles of the two major Chinese dynasties conquered by the Mongols. Persian sources include Ibn al-Athir's Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh, and a biography of Jalal al-Din by his companion al-Nasawi. There are also several Christian chronicles, including the Georgian Chronicles, the Nikon Chronicle, and works by Europeans such as Carpini. [17] Birth and early life The Onon River (here pictured in Khentii Province, Mongolia), near which Temüjin was born There are many controversial opinions on Genghis Khan. He was a world leader who did a lot for his subjects. He reigned for a long time, and spent 20 years building an army. He was great at controlling his subject, conquering different countries, and leading an army. He was kind at times and wanted the best for his army, but was also barbaric in his methods. He killed many people during the war.Genghis: Lords of the Bow by Conn Iggulden is the second book in the Conqueror series. This book is less about Genghis Khan, and more about the uniting of the Mongol tribes. The book begins eight years after the first one. Genghis Khan is now 26 years old. Genghis: Bones of the Hill by Conn Iggulden is the the third novel in Iggulden’s conqueror series. This book is the middle book in the five book series, so it is full of the most important information on Genghis Khan. Find sources: "Conqueror"novel series– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( February 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) We get the sense of the book’s intended audience through the way they describe things and the terms they use. They never define these terms because the audience would automatically have known what is meant by them. In many ways it’s also a frustrating book because some of the dates don’t work out correctly, there is some muddling of events that takes some time to unravel, but it’s also fascinating because this is how the Mongols viewed the rise of their empire. It’s an official document, but yet, also inaccessible to the public and ‘secret’.

Wolf of the Plains (2007, ISBN 978-0-00-720175-4) (titled Genghis: Birth of an Empire in North America, 2010, ISBN 978-0-385-34421-0) This book is all about when he hit his peak. This book covers the Mongol’s conflict with the Muslims in the east. This book discusses Genghis Khan’s accomplishments but also his mistakes. This book also shares a lot of insight and Genghis Khan’s family. Iggulden introduces Genghis Khan’s son Jochi, who struggles for his father’s approval. This book has so much juice on Genghis Khan. He was so many things: an emperor, a war leader, a father, a husband, and so much more. These five books cover all sides of him.The Conqueror series is a series of novels by Conn Iggulden about Genghis Khan and his successors, set during the time of the Mongol conquest of the 12th and 13th centuries. [1] List of novels [ edit ] But we’ve also found it in other, later Mongol chronicles, where they just took it and inserted it. So, we know when it existed and we have references to it in the sources, but we don’t have an original copy. It’s not like the many versions of Marco Polo’s Travels or something along those lines, where there are 20 different manuscripts. The Secret History of the Mongols gets its name because it’s thought that it was only supposed to be read by Mongols, really only by the royal family. It is a book that may have started to be written shortly after Chinggis Khan’s death. We don’t know who the author is. There’s been all sorts of speculation. For a long time it was thought to be by Shiqi Qutuqu, who was an adopted brother, or adopted son—depending on how you interpret the relationship—of Chinggis Khan. There’s also been a suggestion that it could have been written by Ögödei, who was the second ruler of the Empire and the son of Chinggis Khan. And I’ve even seen a suggestion that it might have been a woman within the Mongol court—who, we don’t know. Man, John (2004). Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection. London: Bantam Press. OCLC 1193945768.

Man, John (2014). The Mongol Empire: Genghis Khan, His Heirs, and the Founding of Modern China. London: Penguin Random House. ISBN 9780552168809. This book explains what exactly the Mongols did, and how they’ve been misinterpreted. Captivating History does not call the Mongols good or bad; they were neither. This book describes Genghis Khan and the Mongols as water, “capable of causing floods and carving mountains while at the same time creating fertile soil and giving life.” This book is all about deciphering the perspectives of Genghis Khan and the Mongols and all that they did. At the center of everything, the Mongols were first and foremost who were capable of making, and did make, mistakes. Derenko MV, Malyarchuka BA, Wozniakb M, Denisovaa GA, Dambuevac IK, Dorzhud CM, Grzybowskib T, Zakharove IA (March 2007). "Distribution of the male lineages of Genghis Khan's descendants in northern Eurasian populations" (PDF). Russian Journal of Genetics. 43 (3): 334–337. doi: 10.1134/S1022795407030179. PMID 17486763. S2CID 24976689.

Depictions of Mongol-Jin conflict from manuscripts of the Jami al-tawarikh. From top: the Battle of Yehuling (1211); a skirmish between Mongol and Jin cavalry; Genghis entering Zhongdu after capturing it in 1215. Of course, the image of Chinggis Khan changes over time. In the Muslim world he’s still mainly viewed negatively, just because of the destruction, but I think there’s an increasing understanding of the profound impact he had—both good and bad—across the Muslim world and in the rest of the world. Genghis Khan (born Temüjin; c. 1162 – 25 August 1227), also known as Chinggis Khan, [a] was the founder and first khagan of the Mongol Empire, which later became the largest contiguous land empire in history. Having spent the majority of his life uniting the various Mongol tribes, he launched a series of military campaigns, conquering large parts of China and Central Asia. Biran, Michal (2012). Genghis Khan. Makers of the Muslim World. London: Oneworld Publications. ISBN 978-1-78074-204-5.



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